What is Network Bonding? Types of Network Bonding
Network bonding is a process of combing or joining two or more network interfaces together into a single interface. Network bonding offers performance improvements and redundancy by increasing the network throughput and bandwidth. If one interface is down or unplugged the other one will work. It can be used in situations where you need fault tolerance, redundancy or load balancing networks. In Linux, a special kernel module named bonding is used to connect multiple network interfaces into a single interface. Two or more network interfaces can be connected into a single logical “bonded” interface. The behavior of the bonded interfaces depends on the type of bonding method used.
MRTG graph after establishing bonding
Types of Network Bonding
mode=0 (balance-rr)
This mode is based on Round-robin policy and it is the default mode. This mode offers fault tolerance and load balancing features. It transmits the packets in Round robin fashion that is from the first available slave through the last.
mode-1 (active-backup)
This mode is based on Active-backup policy. Only one slave is active in this band, and another one will act only when the other fails. The MAC address of this bond is available only on the network adapter part to avoid confusing the switch. This mode also provides fault tolerance.
mode=2 (balance-xor)
This mode sets an XOR (exclusive or) mode that is the source MAC address is XOR’d with destination MAC address for providing load balancing and fault tolerance. Each destination MAC address the same slave is selected.
mode=3 (broadcast)
This method is based on broadcast policy that is it transmitted everything on all slave interfaces. It provides fault tolerance. This can be used only for specific purposes.
mode=4 (802.3ad)
This mode is known as a Dynamic Link Aggregation mode that has it created aggregation groups having same speed. It requires a switch that supports IEEE 802.3ad dynamic link. The slave selection for outgoing traffic is done based on a transmit hashing method. This may be changed from the XOR method via the xmit_hash_policy option.
mode=5 (balance-tlb)
This mode is called Adaptive transmit load balancing. The outgoing traffic is distributed based on the current load on each slave and the incoming traffic is received by the current slave. If the incoming traffic fails, the failed receiving slave is replaced by the MAC address of another slave. This mode does not require any special switch support.
mode=6 (balance-alb)
This mode is called adaptive load balancing. This mode does not require any special switch support.
Configure Network Bonding on CentOS
1) Create the bond file ( ifcfg-bond0 ) and specify the IP address, netmask & gateway.
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
DEVICE=bond0
IPADDR=192.x.x.x
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.x.x.1
TYPE=Bond
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=no
BOOTPROTO=static
2) Edit the files of eth0 & eth1 and make sure you enter the master and slave entry.
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=08:00:27:5C:A8:8F
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=no
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth1
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=no
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
3) Create the Bond file(bonding.conf)
# vi /etc/modprobe.d/bonding.conf
alias bond0 bonding
options bond0 mode=1 miimon=100
4) Now Restart the network Service
# service network restart
5) To check the bond interface, use command:
# ifconfig bond0
6) To verify the status of bond interface, use command:
# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
Configuring Bonding on Ubuntu 16 LTS
apt-get install ifenslave
add bonding line into /etc/modules
# /etc/modules: kernel modules to load at boot time.
#
# This file contains the names of kernel modules that should be loaded
# at boot time, one per line. Lines beginning with "#" are ignored.
loop
lp
rtc
bonding
edit /etc/network/interfaces and follow the example below. Our two network cards are called em1 and em2. change these to match your name.
# auto em1 iface em1 inet manual bond-master bond0 bond-primary em1 # auto em2 iface em2 inet manual bond-master bond0 # # auto bond0 iface bond0 inet static address 66.45.255.2 netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway 66.45.255.1 dns-search 1onlyhost.net dns-nameservers 64.20.34.2 66.45.228.3 bond-slaves none bond-mode 0 bond-miimon 100 bond_downdelay 200 bound_updelay 200
To restart networking you can do /etc/init.d/networking restart. But we recommend doing a reboot instead.
Your ifconfig should look something like this
bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:90:47:87:b5 inet addr:66.45.255.2 Bcast:66.45.255.207 Mask:255.255.255.248 inet6 addr: fe80::225:90ff:fe47:87b5/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4957372721 errors:0 dropped:867 overruns:572 frame:0 TX packets:4181951926 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4937047448966 (4.9 TB) TX bytes:4897187667435 (4.8 TB) em1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:90:47:87:b5 UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2683163175 errors:0 dropped:24 overruns:572 frame:0 TX packets:2091204534 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2670257332642 (2.6 TB) TX bytes:2444195037171 (2.4 TB) Memory:f7100000-f717ffff em2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:90:47:87:b5 UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2274209569 errors:0 dropped:843 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2090747386 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2266790139678 (2.2 TB) TX bytes:2452992621742 (2.4 TB) Interrupt:20 Memory:f7200000-f7220000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:225 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:225 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1 RX bytes:17439 (17.4 KB) TX bytes:17439 (17.4 KB)
/proc/net/bonding/bond0 should look something like this:
Bonding Mode: load balancing (round-robin) MII Status: up MII Polling Interval (ms): 100 Up Delay (ms): 0 Down Delay (ms): 200 Slave Interface: em2 MII Status: up Speed: 1000 Mbps Duplex: full Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:25:90:47:87:b5 Slave queue ID: 0 Slave Interface: em1 MII Status: up Speed: 1000 Mbps Duplex: full Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:25:90:47:87:b4 Slave queue ID: 0
Sample Network Configuration on Cisco Router (Nexus 3048)
Below is an example of setting up a port channel (link aggregation or lag port) on a Cisco switch.
vlan interface
interface Vlan348 description ds4348 no shutdown no ip redirects ip address 64.20.40.1/30
Port channel interface
interface port-channel11 description ds4348 switchport switchport mode trunk switchport trunk native vlan 348 switchport trunk allowed vlan 348 no negotiate auto
Physical Interface(s)
interface Ethernet1/31 description ds4348 switchport switchport mode trunk switchport trunk native vlan 348 switchport trunk allowed vlan 348 channel-group 11 mode active interface Ethernet1/32 description ds4348 switchport switchport mode trunk switchport trunk native vlan 348 switchport trunk allowed vlan 348 channel-group 11 mode active
